AZ-400 Questions and Answers

Step 1: Navigate to Personal Access Tokens

Sign in to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Access User Settings:

Click on your profile picture in the top right corner.

Select User settings.

Open Personal Access Tokens:

In the user settings menu, select Personal access tokens.

Step 2: Create a New Personal Access Token

Create a New Token:

Click on + New Token.

Configure the Token:

Name: Enter Token1.

Organization: Select the organization where you want to use the token.

Expiration: Set the expiration to 60 days.

Set Scopes:

Code: Select Read, Write, & Manage.

Build: Select Read & Execute.

Release: Select Read.

Create the Token:

Click on Create.

Step 3: Save the Token

Copy the Token:

Once the token is created, copy it immediately as it will not be displayed again.

Store the token in a secure location.

By following these steps, you will have successfully created a personal access token named Token1 with the specified capabilities and a 60-day expiration

WhiteSource provides WhiteSource Bolt, a lightweight open source security and management solution developed specifically for integration with Azure DevOps and Azure DevOps Server.

Note: WhiteSource is the leader in continuous open source software security and compliance management. WhiteSource integrates into your build process, irrespective of your programming languages, build tools, or development environments. It works automatically, continuously, and silently in the background, checking the security, licensing, and quality of your open source components against WhiteSource constantly-updated definitive database of open source repositories.

Note: Blackduck would also be a good answer, but it is not an option here.

Step 1: Create a NuGet package.

NuGet and Maven are public package managers that support multiple feeds.

Step 2: Create an Azure Artifacts feed that uses upstream sources

If you want to use packages from multiple feeds, use upstream sources to bring packages from multiple feeds together into a single feed.

Step 3: Create a Micrtosoft Visual Studio project that includes all the packages

Consume NuGet packages from upstream sources: Now you can open Visual Studio and install packages from the upstream sources you just configured.

Step 1: Initialize the Default Main Branch

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Initialize the Main Branch:

Go to Repos > Files.

If the main branch does not exist, you will see an option to initialize it. Click on Initialize and follow the prompts to create the main branch.

Step 2: Implement an Approval Process for the Main Branch

Navigate to Branch Policies:

Go to Repos > Branches.

Find the main branch and click on the … (ellipsis) next to it.

Select Branch policies.

Enable Required Reviewers:

Under Policies, enable Minimum number of reviewers.

Set the minimum number of reviewers to 2 to enforce the four-eyes principle.

Add Required Reviewers:

Add the users who should review the changes. Ensure that at least one approval is required on every iteration.

Enable Reset Code Reviewer Votes:

Enable the Reset code reviewer votes when there are new changes option to ensure that any new changes require re-approval.

Save Changes:

Click on Save changes to apply the policies.

Step 3: Verify the Approval Process

Create a Pull Request:

Make a change in a branch and create a pull request to merge it into the main branch.

Review and Approve:

Ensure that the pull request requires at least two reviewers to approve it before it can be merged.

By following these steps, you will have successfully initialized the main branch and implemented an approval process that adheres to the four-eyes principle, ensuring that every iteration has at least one approval

Step 1: Create a Project Wiki

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Create a Wiki:

In the left-hand menu, select Wiki.

Click on Create project wiki.

Enter the name Wiki1 and click Create.

Step 2: Add Mermaid Syntax to Render a Diagram

Open the Wiki Page:

Navigate to the newly created Wiki1.

Edit the Wiki Page:

Click on Edit to start editing the wiki page.

Insert Mermaid Diagram:

Use the following Mermaid syntax to render a diagram. For example, to render a simple flowchart, you can use:

```mermaid

graph TD;

A-->B;

A-->C;

B-->D;

C-->D;

Save the Page:

Click on Save to save your changes.

Step 3: Render the TCP Handshake Diagram

Convert TCPHandshake.png to Mermaid Syntax:

Since you have a sample diagram in C:\Resources\TCPHandshake.png, you need to convert this diagram into Mermaid syntax. Here’s an example of how a TCP handshake might look in Mermaid syntax:

```mermaid

sequenceDiagram

participant Client

participant Server

Client->>Server: SYN

Server-->>Client: SYN-ACK

Client->>Server: ACK

Add the Diagram to the Wiki:

Replace the sample Mermaid syntax with the TCP handshake diagram syntax in the wiki page.

Save the Page:

Click on Save to save your changes.

By following these steps, you will have created a project wiki named Wiki1 and used Mermaid syntax to render a diagram

Step 1: Create a New Team Dashboard

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Access Dashboards:

In the left-hand menu, select Dashboards.

Create a New Dashboard:

Click on New Dashboard.

Enter the name Dashboard1.

Ensure the dashboard type is set to Team Dashboard.

Click Create.

Step 2: Add the Team Members Widget

Open the Widget Catalog:

After creating the dashboard, the widget catalog will open automatically. If it doesn’t, click on Add Widget.

Search for Team Members Widget:

In the widget catalog, search for Team Members.

Add the Widget:

Click on the Team Members widget and then click Add to place it on your dashboard.

Configure the Widget:

Once added, you can resize and move the widget to your preferred location on the dashboard.

Step 3: Save and Share the Dashboard

Save the Dashboard:

Click on Save to save your changes.

Share the Dashboard:

You can share the dashboard URL with your team members or set permissions to control who can view or edit the dashboard.

By following these steps, you will have a new team dashboard named Dashboard1 that displays the members of the default project team for Project1

Box 1: Scrum

Choose Scrum when your team practices Scrum. This process works great if you want to track product backlog items (PBIs) and bugs on the Kanban board, or break PBIs and bugs down into tasks on the taskboard.

Box 2: Agile

Choose Agile when your team uses Agile planning methods, including Scrum, and tracks development and test activities separately. This process works great if you want to track user stories and (optionally) bugs on the Kanban board, or track bugs and tasks on the taskboard.

Box 3: CMMI

Choose CMMI when your team follows more formal project methods that require a framework for process improvement and an auditable record of decisions. With this process, you can track requirements, change requests, risks, and reviews.

Box 1: Azure Pipelines service connection

Box 2: Managed Service Identity Authentication

The managed identities for Azure resources feature in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) provides Azure services with an automatically managed identity in Azure AD. You can use the identity to authenticate to any service that supports Azure AD authentication, including Key Vault, without any credentials in your code.

Instead reduce the code complexity.

To store signed images in an Azure Container Registry (ACR) instance and support your planned images while minimizing costs, you need to modify the SKU of your ACR instance to one that supports content trust and image signing. Here’s how you can do it:

Determine the Appropriate SKU:

Content trust and image signing are features of the Premium service tier of Azure Container Registry1.

If cost minimization is a priority, ensure that the Premium tier is necessary for your use case. If you require content trust, the Premium tier is the appropriate choice.

Modify the SKU of the ACR Instance:

Navigate to the Azure Portal.

Go to your ACR instance az40038443478act1.

Select Update from the overview pane.

Choose the Premium SKU from the SKU drop-down menu2.

Review the changes and pricing, then save the configuration.

By upgrading to the Premium SKU, you’ll be able to store signed images in your ACR instance. Remember to monitor your usage and costs to ensure they align with your budget and requirements.

Step 1: Sign Up for Azure DevOps

Navigate to Azure DevOps.

Click on Start Free.

Enter the credentials:

Email: UserUsefl-42147509@ExamUsers.com

Password: eWrSalD2!

Follow the prompts to complete the sign-up process using the default settings.

Step 2: Create an Azure DevOps Organization

Once signed in, you will be prompted to create a new organization.

Enter a name for your organization and select your region.

Click on Continue to create the organization.

Step 3: Create a Private Project

In your new organization, click on New Project.

Name the project Project1.

Set the visibility to Private.

Click on Create.

Step 4: Add an External User as a Stakeholder

Go to the Organization Settings.

Under General, select Users.

Click on Add users.

Enter the email address: Usfrr2-42147S09@ExamUsers.com.

Set the access level to Stakeholder.

Add the user to the most restrictive group, which is typically the Readers group.

Click on Add to complete the process.

Step 5: Verify the User Addition

Ensure that the external user has been added successfully by checking the Users list.

Confirm that the user has the Stakeholder access level and is part of the Readers group.

By following these steps, you should be able to complete the task successfully. If you encounter any issues, feel free to ask for further assistance!

To configure your Azure Function az400-38443478-funct to automatically update whenever new code is committed to the main branch of the specified GitHub repository, you can use GitHub Actions for continuous deployment. Here’s how to set it up:

Create a GitHub Actions Workflow:

In your GitHub repository, navigate to the .github/workflows/ directory.

Create a new file for your workflow (e.g., azure-function-cd.yml).

Define the Workflow:

In the workflow file, define the steps for the build and deployment process.

Use the Azure/functions-action to deploy to your Azure Function App.

Set up triggers for the main branch to initiate the workflow on every commit.

Generate Deployment Credentials:

In the Azure Portal, navigate to your Function App az400-38443478-funct.

Download the publish profile from the Overview section by clicking on Get publish profile.

Store the Publish Profile as a GitHub Secret:

In your GitHub repository, go to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions.

Create a new secret (e.g., AZURE_FUNCTIONAPP_PUBLISH_PROFILE) and paste the content of the publish profile.

Configure the Workflow to Use the Secret:

In the workflow file, reference the secret to authenticate the deployment to Azure.

Here’s a sample GitHub Actions workflow snippet:

name: Deploy Azure Function

on:

push:

branches:

- main

jobs:

build-and-deploy:

runs-on: ubuntu-latest

steps:

- uses: actions/checkout@v2

- name: Set up Python version

uses: actions/setup-python@v2

with:

python-version: '3.x'

- name: Install dependencies

run: |

pip install -r requirements.txt

- name: Deploy to Azure Functions

uses: Azure/functions-action@v1

with:

app-name: az400-38443478-funct

publish-profile: ${{ secrets.AZURE_FUNCTIONAPP_PUBLISH_PROFILE }}

package: .

Replace the app-name with the name of your Azure Function App and ensure the Python version and dependencies match your application’s requirements.

By following these steps, your Azure Function will automatically update whenever new code is pushed to the main branch of the GitHub repository. This setup minimizes manual effort and ensures that your function app is always running the latest code.

Step 1: Initialize the Default Main Branch

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Initialize the Main Branch:

Go to Repos > Files.

If the main branch does not exist, you will see an option to initialize it. Click on Initialize and follow the prompts to create the main branch1.

Step 2: Install the Microsoft Security DevOps Extension

Navigate to Extensions:

In Azure DevOps, click on the Shopping Bag icon in the top right corner and select Browse Marketplace.

Search for the Extension:

Search for Microsoft Security DevOps.

Install the Extension:

Click on Get it free.

Select your organization (User1-42147509) and click Install.

Follow the prompts to complete the installation2.

Step 3: Create a New Starter Pipeline

Navigate to Pipelines:

Go to Pipelines > New pipeline.

Select the Repository:

Choose Azure Repos Git and select the relevant repository.

Configure the Pipeline:

Select Starter pipeline and replace the default YAML with the following starter code:

trigger:

- starter

pool:

vmImage: 'windows-latest'

steps:

- task: MicrosoftSecurityDevOps@1

inputs:

command: 'run'

policy: 'azuredevops'

publish: true

Save the Pipeline:

Click on Save and enter starter as the branch name.

Click on Save and run to save the pipeline to the new branch named starter3.

By following these steps, you will have successfully initialized the main branch, installed the Microsoft Security DevOps extension, and created a new starter pipeline named starter1 that includes the specified task

Step 1: Initialize the Default Main Branch

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Initialize the Main Branch:

Go to Repos > Files.

If the main branch does not exist, you will see an option to initialize it. Click on Initialize and follow the prompts to create the main branch1.

Step 2: Enable Squash Merge for the Main Branch

Navigate to Branch Policies:

Go to Repos > Branches.

Find the main branch and click on the … (ellipsis) next to it.

Select Branch policies.

Enable Squash Merge:

Under Policies, scroll down to the Merge strategy section.

Select Squash merge as the required merge strategy2.

Save Changes:

Click on Save changes to apply the policies.

Step 3: Verify the Squash Merge Policy

Create a Pull Request:

Make a change in a branch and create a pull request to merge it into the main branch.

Complete the Pull Request:

Ensure that the pull request uses the squash merge strategy by selecting Squash commit under the Merge type in the Complete pull request dialog

Step 1: Initialize the Default Main Branch

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Initialize the Main Branch:

Go to Repos > Files.

If the main branch does not exist, you will see an option to initialize it. Click on Initialize and follow the prompts to create the main branch1.

Step 2: Create a New Branch for the Pipeline

Navigate to Branches:

Go to Repos > Branches.

Click on New branch.

Create the Branch:

Enter azure-pipelines as the branch name.

Select main as the base branch.

Click Create2.

Step 3: Create a New Azure Pipelines YAML Pipeline

Navigate to Pipelines:

Go to Pipelines > New pipeline.

Select the Repository:

Choose Azure Repos Git and select the relevant repository.

Configure the Pipeline:

Select Starter pipeline.

Replace the default YAML with the ASP.NET template. You can find the ASP.NET template in the Azure Pipelines documentation or use the following example:

trigger:

- main

pool:

vmImage: 'windows-latest'

variables:

buildConfiguration: 'Release'

steps:

- task: UseDotNet@2

inputs:

packageType: 'sdk'

version: '5.x'

installationPath: $(Agent.ToolsDirectory)/dotnet

- script: |

dotnet build --configuration $(buildConfiguration)

displayName: 'Build project'

- script: |

dotnet test --no-build --configuration $(buildConfiguration)

displayName: 'Run tests'

Save the Pipeline:

Click on Save and enter azure-pipelines as the branch name.

Click on Save and run to save the pipeline to the new branch named azure-pipelines3.

By following these steps, you will have successfully initialized the main branch, created a new branch named azure-pipelines, and set up a new Azure Pipelines YAML pipeline using the ASP.NET template

To ensure that the webhook at https://contoso.com/statushook is called every time the repository named az40038443478acr1 receives a new version of an image named dotnetapp, you can follow these steps to configure a webhook in Azure Container Registry:

Navigate to the Azure Container Registry:

Go to the Azure Portal.

Find and select your Azure Container Registry instance az40038443478acr1.

Create a New Webhook:

Under Services, select Webhooks.

Click on + Add to create a new webhook.

Fill in the form with the following information:

Webhook name: Enter a unique name for your webhook.

Service URI: Enter https://contoso.com/statushook .

Custom headers: (Optional) Add any headers you want to pass along with the POST request.

Trigger actions: Select Push to trigger the webhook on image push events.

Scope: Specify the scope as az40038443478acr1:dotnetapp to target the specific image.

Status: Set to Enabled.

Save the Webhook Configuration:

Review the information and click Create to save the webhook.

Once configured, the webhook will send a POST request to https://contoso.com/statushook whenever a new version of the dotnetapp image is pushed to the az40038443478acr1 repository in your Azure Container Registry1.

This setup will automate the notification process, ensuring that the specified webhook is called with each new image version, thus fulfilling the task requirements.

Step 1: Create an Action Group

Navigate to Azure Portal:

Go to Azure Portal and sign in with your credentials.

Access Azure Monitor:

In the left-hand menu, select Monitor.

Create Action Group:

Under Alerts, select Action groups.

Click on + Create.

Configure Basic Settings:

Subscription: Select your subscription.

Resource Group: Select RG1 lod42147S09.

Action Group Name: Enter DevOpsAG.

Display Name: Enter a display name for the action group.

Step 2: Define Actions

Add Email Notifications:

Click on Add action.

Action Type: Select Email/SMS message/Push/Voice.

Action Name: Enter a name for the action (e.g., EmailAdmins).

Email: Enter admin1@contoso.com and admin2@contoso.com.

Click OK.

Notify Resource Owners:

Click on Add action again.

Action Type: Select Email/SMS message/Push/Voice.

Action Name: Enter a name for the action (e.g., NotifyOwners).

Email: Select Notify all owners.

Click OK.

Step 3: Enable Common Alert Schema

Common Alert Schema:

In the Advanced tab, enable the Common alert schema option1.

Step 4: Review and Create

Review:

Review all the settings you have configured.

Create:

Click on Review + create and then Create.

By following these steps, you will have successfully created an action group named DevOpsAG that emails the specified users and notifies resource owners using the common alert schema

Step 1: Write the KQL Query

Open Azure Data Explorer:

Navigate to Azure Data Explorer and sign in with your credentials.

Access the Securitylogs Database:

Open the Securitylogs database.

Write the Query:

Use the following KQL query to count the number of inbound requests for each source IP address:

InboundBrowsing

| where Timestamp between (datetime(2021-10-01) .. datetime(2021-12-31))

| summarize NumberOfRequests = count() by SourceIP

| project SourceIP, NumberOfRequests

Step 2: Export the Query Results

Run the Query:

Execute the query in Azure Data Explorer.

Export the Results:

Once the query results are displayed, click on the Export button.

Choose the export format (e.g., CSV) and specify the export path as C:\Samples.

By following these steps, you will have successfully written a KQL query to count the number of inbound requests for each source IP address during the last three months of 2021 and exported the results to C:\Samples

Step 1: Navigate to Project Settings

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Access Project Settings:

In the left-hand menu, scroll down and select Project settings.

Step 2: Configure Retention Policies

Navigate to Pipelines Settings:

Under Pipelines, select Settings.

Set Retention Policies:

In the Retention section, set the number of days to keep artifacts, symbols, and attachments to 60 days.

Ensure that the retention policy is applied to all relevant pipelines and branches.

Save Changes:

Click on Save to apply the retention policy1.

By following these steps, you will have successfully configured the retention policy to retain artifacts, symbols, and attachments for 60 days in Project1

To prepare a Network Security Group (NSG) named az400-38443478-nsg1 for hosting an Azure DevOps pipeline agent, while allowing only the required outbound port for Azure DevOps and denying all other inbound and outbound access to the Internet, follow these steps:

Create the NSG:

Navigate to the Azure Portal.

Go to Network Security Groups and click on + Create.

Fill in the details, including the name az400-38443478-nsg1, and create the NSG.

Configure Outbound Security Rules:

Once the NSG is created, go to its settings.

Navigate to Outbound security rules.

Click on + Add to create a new rule.

Set the Destination port ranges to 443, which is the required port for Azure DevOps12.

Set the Protocol to TCP.

Set the Action to Allow.

Assign a Priority number (e.g., 100) that does not conflict with existing rules.

Provide a meaningful Name for the rule (e.g., AllowAzureDevOps).

Configure Default Rules to Deny All Other Traffic:

In the same Outbound security rules section, edit the default rule to deny all traffic.

Change the Action to Deny for the rule with the lowest priority (highest number).

Ensure that this rule applies to all protocols, source and destination IP ranges, and port ranges.

Associate the NSG with the Appropriate Resource:

Associate the NSG with the subnet or network interface of the virtual machine or resource where the Azure DevOps pipeline agent will be hosted.

By following these steps, you will ensure that the Azure DevOps pipeline agent can communicate with Azure DevOps services over the required port while blocking all other inbound and outbound Internet access, adhering to the principle of least privilege and security best practices.

To ensure that your Azure Web App named az400-38443478-main supports rolling upgrades and only 10 percent of users connect to the updated version of the app, you can use deployment slots with the following steps:

Create a Deployment Slot:

Navigate to the Azure Portal.

Go to your Web App az400-38443478-main.

Select Deployment slots in the menu.

Click on Add Slot.

Name the slot (e.g., staging) and if needed, clone settings from the production slot.

Configure the Traffic Percentage:

In the Deployment Slots menu, you will see a column for Traffic %.

Set the traffic percentage to 10% for the staging slot1.

This will route only 10% of the traffic to the updated version of the app in the staging slot.

Deploy the Updated App to the Staging Slot:

Deploy your updated application to the staging slot.

Test the application in the staging slot to ensure it’s working as expected.

Complete the Rolling Upgrade:

Once you’re satisfied with the performance and stability of the app in the staging slot, you can gradually increase the percentage of traffic until you’re ready to swap with the production slot.

To swap slots, go to the Deployment slots menu and click on Swap with the production slot.

By using deployment slots, you can achieve rolling upgrades with minimal administrative effort, as it allows you to test the new version on a subset of users before fully releasing it. Remember to adjust the traffic percentage and monitor the application’s performance throughout the process.

Step 1: Create an AKS cluster

Step 2: a system-assigned managed identity

To create an RBAC binding, you first need to get the Azure AD Object ID.

Sign in to the Azure portal.

In the search field at the top of the page, enter Azure Active Directory.

Click Enter.

In the Manage menu, select Users.

In the name field, search for your account.

In the Name column, select the link to your account.

In the Identity section, copy the Object ID.

Step 3: a RBAC binding

There are three types of Application Insights availability tests:

URL ping test: a simple test that you can create in the Azure portal.

Multi-step web test

Custom Track Availability Tests

Note: After you've deployed your web app/website, you can set up recurring tests to monitor availability and responsiveness. Azure Application Insights sends web requests to your application at regular

intervals from points around the world. It can alert you if your application isn't responding, or if it responds too slowly.

You can set up availability tests for any HTTP or HTTPS endpoint that is accessible from the public internet. You don't have to make any changes to the website you're testing. In fact, it doesn't even have to

be a site you own. You can test the availability of a REST API that your service depends on.

Box 1: percentile_duration_95

Box 2: resultCode

To configure a virtual machine template in your DevTest Labs environment named az400-38443478-dtl1 with Windows Server 2016 Datacenter that includes the Selenium tool and the Google Chrome browser, follow these steps:

Create a Custom Image with Windows Server 2016 Datacenter:

In the Azure Portal, go to your DevTest Lab az400-38443478-dtl1.

Navigate to Configuration and policies > Custom images.

Use an existing VM or create a new one with Windows Server 2016 Datacenter.

After setting up the VM, capture it to create a custom image1.

Install Selenium and Google Chrome on the VM:

Connect to the VM via RDP.

Download and install the Selenium WebDriver for your preferred programming language from the official Selenium website2.

For Google Chrome, download the offline installer from the official website and install it on the VM3.

Generalize the VM:

Run the sysprep command to generalize the VM, which prepares it to be used as a template.

Shut down the VM after sysprep completes.

Capture the Generalized VM to Create a Template:

In the Azure Portal, navigate to the VM and select Capture.

Provide the required details and create the image.

Add Selenium and Google Chrome Artifacts to the Template:

Go back to the DevTest Lab az400-38443478-dtl1.

Select Artifacts and add Selenium and Google Chrome artifacts to the template.

Ensure these artifacts are configured to install during the VM creation process.

Create VMs from the Template:

Now, when you create a new VM in the DevTest Lab, select the custom image you created.

The VM will be provisioned with Windows Server 2016 Datacenter, and the Selenium tool and Google Chrome browser will be installed automatically.

By following these steps, you can ensure that all virtual machines created from this template in your DevTest Lab will have the required operating system, tools, and browser installed. Remember to replace placeholder names with the actual names of your resources where necessary.

Step 1: Navigate to the Library

Navigate to Azure DevOps:

Go to Azure DevOps and sign in with your credentials.

Select Your Project:

Choose Project1 from your list of projects.

Access the Library:

In the left-hand menu, select Pipelines > Library.

Step 2: Create a Variable Group

Create a New Variable Group:

On the Library page, click on + Variable group.

Configure the Variable Group:

Name: Enter varGroup1.

Description: Optionally, add a description for the variable group.

Add Variables:

Click on + Add to add a new variable.

Variable Name: Enter serverName.

Value: Enter server1.

Click OK.

Click on + Add again to add another variable.

Variable Name: Enter dbName.

Value: Enter db1.

Click OK.

Save the Variable Group:

Click on Save to save the variable group.

By following these steps, you will have successfully created a variable group named varGroup1 containing the specified variables

Step1: Create an Azure Automation account.

An Azure Automation account is required.

Step 2: Install the custom Desired State Configuration (DSC) extension on the virtual machines

Under the hood, and without an administrator having to remote into a VM, the Azure VM Desired State Configuration extension registers the VM with Azure Automation State Configuration.

Step 3: Onboard the virtual machines to the Azure Automation account.

Step 4: Complete the Desired State Configuration (DSC) configuration.

Create a DSC configuration.

Denies non HTTPS traffic.

Box 1: Azure Repos

Box 2: Azure Artifacts

Use Azure Artifacts to create, host, and share packages with your team.

Box 3: Azure Pipelines

In the pipeline view you can see all the stages and associated tests. The view provides a summary of the test results

Box 4: Azure Storage

Instead you should deploy an Azure self-hosted agent to an on-premises server.

Note: To build your code or deploy your software using Azure Pipelines, you need at least one agent.

If your on-premises environments do not have connectivity to a Microsoft-hosted agent pool (which is typically the case due to intermediate firewalls), you'll need to manually configure a self-hosted agent on on-premises computer(s).

References:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/agents/agents?view=azure-devops

Box 1: Markdown (.md)

Github understands several text formats, including .txt and .md. .md stands for a file written in Markdown.

Box 2: Mermaid diagrams

Mermaid lets you create diagrams and visualizations using text and code.

It is a Javascript based diagramming and charting tool that renders Markdown-inspired text definitions to create and modify diagrams dynamically.

The Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode cmdlet registers an Azure virtual machine as an APS Desired State Configuration (DSC) node in an Azure Automation account.

Scenario: The Azure DevOps organization includes:

The Docker extension

A deployment pool named Pool7 that contains 10 Azure virtual machines that run Windows Server 2016

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.automation/register-azurermautomationdscnode

Step 1: Create a repository

A Git repository, or repo, is a folder that you've told Git to help you track file changes in. You can have any number of repos on your computer, each stored in their own folder.

Step 2: Create a branch

Branch policies help teams protect their important branches of development. Policies enforce your team's code quality and change management standards.

Step 3: Add a build validation policy

When a build validation policy is enabled, a new build is queued when a new pull request is created or when changes are pushed to an existing pull request targeting this branch. The build policy then evaluates the results of the build to determine whether the pull request can be completed.

Scenario:

Implement a code flow strategy for Project2 that will:

Enable Team2 to submit pull requests for Project2.

Enable Team2 to work independently on changes to a copy of Project2.

Ensure that any intermediary changes performed by Team2 on a copy of Project2 will be subject to the same restrictions as the ones defined in the build policy of Project2.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/repos/git/man age-your-branches

Scenario:

Step 1: Sign in to Azure Develops by using an account that is assigned the Administrator service connection security role.

Note: Under Agent Phase, click Deploy Service Fabric Application. Click Docker Settings and then click Configure Docker settings. In Registry Credentials Source, select Azure Resource Manager Service Connection. Then select your Azure subscription.

Step 2: Create a personal access token..

A personal access token or PAT is required so that a machine can join the pool created with the Agent Pools (read, manage) scope.

Step 3: Install and register the Azure Pipelines agent on an Azure virtual machine.

By running a Azure Pipeline agent in the cluster, we make it possible to test any service, regardless of type.

References:

https://doc s.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/service-fabric/service-fabric-tutorial-deploy-container-app-with-cicd-vsts

https://mohitgoyal.co/2 019/01/10/run-azure-devops-private-agents-in-kubernetes-clusters/

Step 1: Create a Desired State Configuration (DSC) configuration file that has an extension of .ps1.

Step 2: Run the Import-AzureRmAutomationDscConfiguration Azure Powershell cmdlet

The Import-AzureRmAutomationDscConfiguration cmdlet imports an APS Desired State Configuration (DSC) configuration into Azure Automation. Specify the path of an APS script that contains a single DSC configuration.

Example:

PS C:\>Import-AzureRmAutomationDscConfiguration -AutomationAccountName "Contoso17"-ResourceGroupName "ResourceGroup01" -SourcePath "C:\DSC\client.ps1" -Force

This command imports the DSC configuration in the file named client.ps1 into the Automation account named Contoso17. The command specifies the Force parameter. If there is an existing DSC configuration, this command replaces it.

Step 3: Run the Start-AzureRmAutomationDscCompilationJob Azure Powershell cmdlet

The Start-AzureRmAutomationDscCompilationJob cmdlet compiles an APS Desired State Configuration (DSC) configuration in Azure Automation.

References:

https://docs.microsoft. com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.automation/import-azurermautomationdscconfiguration

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powers hell/module/azurerm.automation/start-azurermautomationdsccompilationjob

Scenario: Deploy App2 to an Azure virtual machine named VM1.

A personal access token (PAT) is used as an alternate password to authenticate into Azure DevOps.

Woodgrove Bank plans to implement the following changes to the identity environment:

Configure App1 to use a service principal.

Scenario: Access to Azure DevOps must be restricted to specific IP addresses.

Azure DevOps is authenticated through Azure Active Directory. You can use Azure AD's conditional access to prevent logins from certain geographies and address ranges.

Box 1: Azure Boards

Azure Boards can be used to track work with Kanban boards, backlogs, team dashboards, and custom reporting

You can create multiple Trello boards, which are spaces to store tasks (for different work contexts, or even private boards)

You can easily share Trello boards with another person.

Box 2: Azure Pipelines

You can use Bamboo to implement CI/CD (Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery) for a simple Azure function app using Atlassian Bamboo. Bamboo does continuous delivery of the project from source code to deployment. It has stages including Build, Test and Deploy.

Software teams in every industry are upgrading their continuous delivery pipeline with Bamboo. Easy build import from popular open source tools, user and group import from JIRA, seamless integration with Bitbucket, and native support for Git, Hg, and SVN means you'll be building and deploying like a champ.

Box 3: GitHub repositories

Bitbucket can be used as the Git repository, but you can use any other Git repository (Like TFS Git) for source control of the code.

Woodgrove Bank plans to implement the following changes to the DevOps environment:

Migrate all the source code from TFS1 to GitHub.

The Git-TFS tool is a two-way bridge between Team Foundation Version Control and Git, and can be used to perform a migration.

Setting 1: Threshold value

Set to 80 %

Scenario: An Azure Monitor alert for VM1 must be configured to meet the following requirements:

Be triggered when average CPU usage exceeds 80 percent for 15 minutes.

Calculate CPU usage averages once every minute.

Setting 2: Aggregation granularity

Set to 15 minutes.

Woodgrove Bank identifies the following technical requirements:

The Azure DevOps dashboard must display the metrics shown in the following table:

Box 1: Velocity

Velocity displays your team velocity. It shows what your team delivered as compared to plan.

Box 2: Release pipeline overview

Release pipeline overview shows the status of environments in a release definition.

Box 3: Query tile

Query tile displays the total number of results from a query.

The commit-msg hook is invoked by git-commit and git-merge, and can be bypassed with the --no-verify option.

Every request made against a storage service must be authorized, unless the request is for a blob or container resource that has been made available for public or signed access. One option for authorizing a request is by using Shared Key.

Scenario: The mobile applications must be able to call the share pricing service of the existing retirement fund management system. Until the system is upgraded, the service will only support basic authentication over HTTPS.

The investment planning applications suite will include one multi-tier web application and two iOS mobile application. One mobile application will be used by employees; the other will be used by customers.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/a uthorize-with-shared-key

Batching CI runs

If you have many team members uploading changes often, you may want to reduce the number of runs you start. If you set batch to true, when a pipeline is running, the system waits until the run is completed, then starts another run with all changes that have not yet been built.

Example:

# specific branch build with batching

trigger:

batch: true

branches:

include:

- master

To clarify this example, let us say that a push A to master caused the above pipeline to run. While that pipeline is running, additional pushes B and C occur into the repository. These updates do not start new independent runs immediately. But after the first run is completed, all pushes until that point of time are batched together and a new run is started.

Unattended config:

The agent can be set up from a script with no human intervention. You must pass --unattended and the answers to all questions.

To configure an agent, it must know the URL to your organization or collection and credentials of someone authorized to set up agents. All other responses are optional.

Change the ConfigurationMode parameter from ApplyOnly to ApplyAndAutocorrect.

The Register-AzureRmAutomationDscNode cmdlet registers an Azure virtual machine as an APS Desired State Configuration (DSC) node in an Azure Automation account.

Scenario: Current Technical Issue

The test servers are configured correctly when first deployed, but they experience configuration drift over time. Azure Automation State Configuration fails to correct the configurations.

Azure Automation State Configuration nodes are registered by using the following command.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.automation/register-azurerma utomationdscnode?view=azurermps-6.13.0

Scenario: Visual Studio App Center must be used to centralize the reporting of mobile application crashes and device types in use.

In order to use App Center, you need to opt in to the service(s) that you want to use, meaning by default no services are started and you will have to explicitly call each of them when starting the SDK.

Insert the following line to start the SDK in your app's App Delete class in the didFinishLaunchingWithOptions method.

MSAppCenter.start("{Your App Secret}", withServices: [MSAnalytics.self, MSCrashes.self])

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/appcenter/sdk/getting-started/ios

Box 1: Reader

Members of a group named Developers must be able to install packages.

Feeds have four levels of access: Owners, Contributors, Collaborators, and Readers. Owners can add any type of identity-individuals, teams, and groups-to any access level.

Box 2: Owner

Members of a group named Team Leaders must be able to create new packages and edit the permissions of package feeds.

Box 1: A source control system

A source control system, also called a version control system, allows developers to collaborate on code and track changes. Source control is an essential tool for multi-developer projects.

Box 2: A hosted service

To build and deploy Xcode apps or Xamarin.iOS projects, you'll need at least one macOS agent. If your pipelines are in Azure Pipelines and a Microsoft-hosted agent meets your needs, you can skip setting up a self-hosted macOS agent.

Scenario: The investment planning applications suite will include one multi-tier web application and two iOS mobile applications. One mobile application will be used by employees; the other will be used by customers.

References:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/agents/v2-osx?view=azure-devops

Box 1: Get-AzResource

Use the following command to examine the access control mode for all workspaces in the subscription:

PowerShell

Get-Az Resource –Resource Type Microsoft. Operational Insights/workspaces –Expand Properties | for each {s.Name + ": " + $_.Properties.features.enableLogAccessUsingOnlyResourcePermissions

Box 2: -Resource Type

Box 1: rwx

The Log Analytics agent for Linux runs as the omsagent user. To grant >write permission to the omsagent user, run the command setfacl -m u:omsagent:rwx /tmp.

Box 2: /tmp

Deploying DSC to a Linux node uses the /tmp folder.

Every request made against a storage service must be authorized, unless the request is for a blob or container resource that has been made available for public or signed access. One option for authorizing a request is by using Shared Key.

Scenario: The mobile applications must be able to call the share pricing service of the existing retirement fund management system. Until the system is upgraded, the service will only support basic authentication over HTTPS.

The investment planning applications suite will include one multi-tier web application and two iOS mobile application. One mobile application will be used by employees; the other will be used by customers.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/authorize-with-shared-key

Scenario: A branching strategy that supports developing new functionality in isolation must be used.

Feature isolation is a special derivation of the development isolation, allowing you to branch one or more feature branches from main, as shown, or from your dev branches.

When you need to work on a particular feature, it might be a good idea to create a feature branch.

Scenario: By default, all releases must remain available for 30 days, except for production releases, which must be kept for 60 days.

Box 1: Set the default retention policy to 30 days

The Global default retention policy sets the default retention values for all the build pipelines. Authors of build pipelines can override these values.

Box 2: Set the stage retention policy to 60 days

You may want to retain more releases that have been deployed to specific stages.

References: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/policies/retention

Before you can deploy Helm in an RBAC-enabled AKS cluster, you need a service account and role binding for the Tiller service.

With enterprise level of SonarQube you can use OWASP that runs the security scans for known vulnerabilities. https://www.sonarqube.org/features/security/ https://www.sonarqube .org/features/security/owasp/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAzZL-BRDnARIsAPCJs70Teq0-efI2Hd_h-kykCB7I_C7L88Q7kpiuTzuD6Xw1jUb6ZqIP7O0aApVzEALw_wcB

Box 1: Microsoft Visual Studio App Center distribution Groups

Distribution Groups are used to control access to releases. A Distribution Group represents a set of users that can be managed jointly and can have common access to releases. Example of Distribution Groups can be teams of users, like the QA Team or External Beta Testers or can represent stages or rings of releases, such as Staging.

Box 2: Shared

Shared distribution groups are private or public distribution groups that are shared across multiple apps in a single organization. Shared distribution groups eliminate the need to replicate distribution groups across multiple apps.

Note: With the Deploy with App Center Task in Visual Studio Team Services, you can deploy your apps from Azure DevOps (formerly known as VSTS) to App Center. By deploying to App Center, you will be able to distribute your builds to your users.

References: https://docs. microsoft.com/en-us/appcenter/distribution/groups

Use a variable group to store values that you want to control and make available across multiple pipelines.

References:

https://docs.microsoft.com /en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/library/variable-groups

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/d evops/pipelines/library/variable-groups?view=azure-devops&tabs=yaml#link-secrets-from-an-azure-key-vault