CCST-Networking Questions and Answers

The primary purpose of assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface on a Layer 2 switch is to facilitate remote management of the switch. By configuring an IP address on the management VLAN, network administrators can access the switch’s Command Line Interface (CLI) remotely using protocols such as Telnet or Secure Shell (SSH). This allows for convenient configuration changes, monitoring, and troubleshooting without needing physical access to the switch1.

References :=

•Understanding the Management VLAN

•Cisco - VLAN Configuration Guide

•Remote Management of Switches

Assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface (often the VLAN 1 interface by default) on a Layer 2 switch allows network administrators to remotely manage the switch using protocols such as Telnet or SSH. This IP address does not affect the switch's ability to route traffic between VLANs but provides a means to access and configure the switch through its Command Line Interface (CLI).

•A: The switch does not act as a default gateway; this is typically a function of a Layer 3 device like a router.

•B: The switch does not resolve URLs; this is typically a function of DNS servers.

•C: The switch can relay DHCP requests but does not typically provide DHCP services itself; this is usually done by a dedicated DHCP server or router.

Thus, the correct answer is D. To enable access to the CLI on the switch through Telnet or SSH.

References :=

•Cisco VLAN Management Overview

•Cisco Catalyst Switch Management

To determine if you can reach the router, you should use thepingcommand followed by the IP address of the router. Thepingcommand is a network utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network and to measure the round-trip time for messages sent from the originating host to a destination computer.

The Default Gateway in theipconfigresults is typically the router’s IP address in a home or small office network. In this case, the Default Gateway is192.168.0.1, which is the address you would ping to check connectivity to the router.

References:=

How to Use the Ping Command

Testing Network Connectivity with the Ping Command

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To determine if you can reach the router, you should use thepingcommand with the IP address of the router.

Command:ping

Target:192.168.0.1

So, the completed command is:

ping 192.168.0.1

Step by Step Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

ping: The ping command sends ICMP Echo Request messages to the target IP address and waits for an Echo Reply. It is commonly used to test the reachability of a network device.

192.168.0.1: This is the IP address of the default gateway (the router) as shown in theipconfigoutput. Pinging this address will help determine if the computer can communicate with the router.

References:

Using the ping Command: ping Command Guide

OSI model

During the data encapsulation process, theData Link layerof the OSI model is responsible for adding a header that contains MAC addressing information and a trailer used for error checking.The header typically includes the source and destination MAC addresses, while the trailer contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) which is used for error detection1.

The Data Link layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit. It also controls how data is placed onto the medium and is received from the medium through the physical hardware.

References:=

The OSI Model – The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English

OSI Model - Network Direction

Which layer adds both header and trailer to the data?

What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

Here’s how each protocol aligns with the correct TCP/IP model layer:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): This protocol belongs to theTransportlayer, which is responsible for providing communication between applications on different hosts1.

IP (Internet Protocol): IP is part of theInternetworklayer, which is tasked with routing packets across network boundaries to their destination1.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP operates at theApplicationlayer, which supports application and end-user processes.It is used for transferring files over the network1.

Ethernet: While not a protocol within the TCP/IP stack, Ethernet is associated with theNetwork Interfacelayer, which corresponds to the link layer of the TCP/IP model and is responsible for the physical transmission of data1.

The TCP/IP model layers are designed to work collaboratively to transmit data from one layer to another, with each layer having specific protocols that perform functions necessary for the data transmission process1.

TCP:

TCP Model Layer: Transport

Explanation: The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error handling. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at this layer to provide reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data.

IP:

TCP Model Layer: Internetwork

Explanation: The Internetwork layer, also known as the Internet layer, is responsible for logical addressing and routing. IP (Internet Protocol) operates at this layer to route packets across networks.

FTP:

TCP Model Layer: Application

Explanation: The Application layer provides network services to applications. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) operates at this layer to transfer files between computers over a network.

Ethernet:

TCP Model Layer: Network

Explanation: The Network layer, also known as the Link layer in the TCP/IP model, is responsible for physical addressing and access to thephysical medium. Ethernet operates at this layer to provide the physical and data link functions.

Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for providing communication services directly to the application processes running on different hosts. TCP is a core protocol in this layer.

Internetwork Layer: This layer is responsible for logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding. IP is the primary protocol for this layer.

Application Layer: This layer interfaces directly with application processes and provides common network services. FTP is an example of a protocol operating in this layer.

Network Layer: In the TCP/IP model, this layer includes both the data link and physical layers of the OSI model. Ethernet is a protocol used in this layer to define network standards and communication protocols at the data link and physical levels.

References:

TCP/IP Model Overview: Cisco TCP/IP Model

Understanding the TCP/IP Model: TCP/IP Layers

The private IP address ranges that are set aside specifically for use within private networks and not routable on the internet are as follows:

Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

These ranges are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and are used for local communications within a private network123.

Given the options: A.172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255falls within the Class B private range. B.192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255is not a recognized private IP range. C.11.0.0.0 to 11.255.255.255is not a recognized private IP range. D.192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255falls within the Class C private range.

Therefore, the correct selections that the company should use for their private networks areAandD.

References:=

Reserved IP addresses on Wikipedia

Private IP Addresses in Networking - GeeksforGeeks

Understanding Private IP Ranges, Uses, Benefits, and Warnings

To capture packets sent to and received from the URLhttps://www.companypro.net:7100/api using Wireshark, you would use the following filter options:

Protocol:tcp

Filter Type:port

Port Number:7100

This filter setup in Wireshark will display all TCP packets that are sent to or received from port 7100, which is the port specified in the URL for the API service. Since HTTPS typically uses TCP as the transport layer protocol, filtering by TCP and the specific port number will help isolate the relevant packets for troubleshooting the app’s data download issues.

cp: The app is using HTTPS, which relies on the TCP protocol for communication.

port: The specific port number used by the application, which in this case is 7100.

7100: This is the port specified in the URL (https://www.companypro.net:7100/api ).

This filter will capture all TCP traffic on port 7100, allowing you to analyze the packets related to the application's data download.

References:

Wireshark Filters: Wireshark Display Filters

•192.168.200.0/24 Network: This subnet includes all addresses from 192.168.200.0 to 192.168.200.255. The /24 indicates a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, which allows for 256 addresses.

•192.168.199.13: This address is in the 192.168.199.0/24 subnet, not the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.

•192.168.200.13: This address is within the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.

•192.168.201.13: This address is in the 192.168.201.0/24 subnet, not the 192.168.200.0/24subnet.

•192.168.1.13: This address is in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet, not the 192.168.200.0/24 subnet.

References:

•Subnetting Guide: Subnetting Basics