AZ-700 Questions and Answers

For the first question, only ExpressRoute GW SKU Ultra Performance support FastPath feature.

For the second question, vnet1 will connect to ExpressRoute gw, once Vnet1 peers with Vnet2, the traffic from on-premise network will bypass GW and Vnet1, directly goes to Vnet2, while this feature is under public preview.

====Reference

ExpressRoute virtual network gateway is designed to exchange network routes and route network traffic. FastPath is designed to improve the data path performance between your on-premises network and your virtual network. When enabled, FastPath sends network traffic directly to virtual machines in the virtual network, bypassing the gateway.

To configure FastPath, the virtual network gateway must be either:

Ultra Performance

ErGw3AZ

VNet Peering - FastPath will send traffic directly to any VM deployed in a virtual network peered to the one connected to ExpressRoute, bypassing the ExpressRoute virtual network gateway.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/about-fastpath

Gateway SKU

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/expressroute/expressroute-about-virtual-network-gateways

VNet 1 will get the default from BGP and propagate it to VNET 2 and 3

Box 2: One NSG

The minimum requirement is one NSG. You could attach the NSG to VMScaleSet1 and restrict outbound traffic, or you could attach the NSG to VMScaleSet2 and restrict inbound traffic. Either way you would need two custom NSG rules.

Box 1: Two custom rules

With the NSG attached to VMScaleSet2, you would need to create a custom rule blocking all traffic from VMScaleSet1. Then you would need to create another custom rule with a higher priority than the first rule that allows traffic on port 443.

The default rules in the NSG will allow all other traffic to VMScaleSet2.

To ensure that the owner of VNET3 receives an alert whenever an administrative operation is performed on the virtual network, you can set up an Activity Log Alert in Azure Monitor. Here’s how you can do it:

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1: Create an Activity Log Alert

Navigate to the Azure Portal.

Search for “Monitor” and select it.

In the Monitor blade, select “Alerts” from the left-hand menu.

Click on “New alert rule”.

Step 2: Configure the Alert Rule

Select the Scope:

Click on “Select resource”.

Choose “Virtual Network” as the resource type.

Select VNET3 from the list of virtual networks.

Define the Condition:

Click on “Add condition”.

In the “Signal type” dropdown, select “Activity Log”.

Choose “Administrative” as the category.

Select the specific operations you want to monitor (e.g., Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/write for any write operations on the virtual network).

Set the Alert Details:

Enter a name for the alert rule (e.g., VNET3 Admin Operations Alert).

Provide a description if needed.

Configure the Action Group:

Click on “Add action group”.

Enter a name for the action group.

Select the action type (e.g., Email/SMS/Push/Voice).

Enter the details of the recipient (e.g., the email address of the owner of VNET3).

Review and Create:

Review the alert rule settings.

Click on “Create alert rule”.

Explanation

Activity Log Alerts: These alerts notify you when specific operations are performed on your Azure resources. By setting up an alert for administrative operations, you ensure that any changes to VNET3 are promptly reported.

Action Groups: These define the actions to take when an alert is triggered. You can configure notifications via email, SMS, or other methods to ensure the owner of VNET3 is informed immediately.

Administrative Operations: Monitoring these operations helps in tracking changes and maintaining the security and integrity of your virtual network.

By following these steps, you can ensure that the owner of VNET3 receives timely alerts for any administrative operations performed on the virtual network, helping to maintain oversight and security.

To deploy a firewall to subnetl-2, you need to create a network virtual appliance (NVA) in the same virtual network as subnetl-2. An NVA is a virtual machine that performs network functions, such as firewall, routing, or load balancing1.

To create an NVA, you need to create a virtual machine in the Azure portal and select an image that has the firewall software installed. You can choose from the Azure Marketplace or upload your own image2.

To assign the IP address of 10.1.2.4 to the NVA, you need to create a static private IP address for the network interface of the virtual machine. You can do this in the IP configurations settings of the network interface3.

To ensure that traffic from subnetl-1 to the IP address range of 192.168.10.0/24 is routed through the NVA, you need to create a user-defined route (UDR) table and associate it with subnetl-1. A UDR table allows you to override the default routing behavior of Azure and specify custom routes for your subnets4.

To create a UDR table, you need to go to the Route tables service in the Azure portal and select + Create. You can give a name and a resource group for the route table5.

To create a custom route, you need to select Routes in the route table and select + Add. You can enter the following information for the route5:

Destination: 192.168.10.0/24

Next hop type: Virtual appliance

Next hop address: 10.1.2.4

To associate the route table with subnetl-1, you need to select Subnets in the route table and select + Associate. You can select the virtual network and subnet that you want to associate with the route table5.

To create an Azure Firewall instance, you need to go to the Azure portal and select Create a resource. Type firewall in the search box and press Enter. Select Firewall and then select Create1.

To assign an IP address from the address range of 10.1.255.0/24 to the firewall, you need to select a public IP address that belongs to that range. You can either create a new public IP address or use an existing one1.

To use a new Premium firewall policy named FW-policy1, you need to select Premium as the Firewall tier and create a new policy with the name FW-policy12. A Premium firewall policy allows you to configure advanced features such as TLS Inspection, IDPS, URL Filtering, and Web Categories3.

To route traffic directly to the internet, you need to enable SNAT (Source Network Address Translation) for the firewall. SNAT allows the firewall to use its public IP address as the source address for outbound traffic4.

To prevent all Azure hosts outside of subnet1-2 from connecting to TCP port 5585 on hosts within subnet1-2, you can use a Network Security Group (NSG). This solution is straightforward and minimizes administrative effort.

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1: Create a Network Security Group (NSG)

Navigate to the Azure Portal.

Search for “Network security groups” and select it.

Click on “Create”.

Enter the following details:

Subscription: Select your subscription.

Resource Group: Select an existing resource group or create a new one.

Name: Enter a name for the NSG (e.g., NSG-Subnet1-2).

Region: Select the region where your virtual network is located.

Click on “Review + create” and then “Create”.

Step 2: Create an Inbound Security Rule

Navigate to the newly created NSG.

Select “Inbound security rules” from the left-hand menu.

Click on “Add” to create a new rule.

Enter the following details:

Source: Select Service Tag.

Source Service Tag: Select VirtualNetwork.

Source port ranges: Leave as *.

Destination: Select IP Addresses.

Destination IP addresses/CIDR ranges: Enter the IP range of subnet1-2 (e.g., 10.1.2.0/24).

Destination port ranges: Enter 5585.

Protocol: Select TCP.

Action: Select Deny.

Priority: Enter a priority value (e.g., 100).

Name: Enter a name for the rule (e.g., Deny-TCP-5585).

Click on “Add” to create the rule.

Step 3: Associate the NSG with Subnet1-2

Navigate to the virtual network that contains subnet1-2.

Select “Subnets” from the left-hand menu.

Select subnet1-2 from the list of subnets.

Click on “Network security group”.

Select the NSG you created (NSG-Subnet1-2).

Click on “Save”.

Explanation

Network Security Group (NSG): NSGs are used to filter network traffic to and from Azure resources in an Azure virtual network. They contain security rules that allow or deny inbound and outbound traffic based on source and destination IP addresses, port, and protocol1.

Inbound Security Rule: By creating a rule that denies traffic on TCP port 5585 from any source outside of subnet1-2, you ensure that only hosts within subnet1-2 can connect to this port.

Association with Subnet: Associating the NSG with subnet1-2 ensures that the security rules are applied to all resources within this subnet.

By following these steps, you can effectively prevent all Azure hosts outside of subnet1-2 from connecting to TCP port 5585 on hosts within subnet1-2, while minimizing administrative effort.

Here are the steps and explanations for configuring VNET1 to log all events and metrics and query them by using KQL:

To enable logging for VNET1, you need to create a diagnostic setting that collects the platform metrics and logs from the virtual network and routes them to one or more destinations. You can choose to send the data to a Log Analytics workspace, a storage account, an event hub, or a partner solution1.

To create a diagnostic setting, you need to go to the Azure portal and select your virtual network. Then select Diagnostic settings under Monitoring and select + Add diagnostic setting1.

On the Add diagnostic setting page, enter or select the following information:

Diagnostic setting name: Type a unique name for your diagnostic setting.

Destination details: Select the destination where you want to send the data. For example, you can select Send to Log Analytics workspace and choose your workspace from the list.

Log: Select the categories of logs that you want to collect. For VNET1, you can select NetworkSecurityGroupEvent and NetworkSecurityGroupRuleCounter as the log categories2.

Metric: Select AllMetrics to collect all the platform metrics for VNET12.

Select Save to create your diagnostic setting1.

To query the events and metrics from the Azure portal by using KQL, you need to go to the Log Analytics workspace that you selected as the destination. Then select Logs under General and enter your KQL query in the query editor3.

For example, you can use the following KQL query to get the top 10 network security group events for VNET1 in the last 24 hours:

NetworkSecurityGroupEvent

| where TimeGenerated > ago(24h)

| where ResourceId contains "VNET1"

| summarize count() by EventID

| top 10 by count_

Copy

Select Run to execute your query and view the results in a table or a chart3.

on:

Here are the steps and explanations for creating a policy that can be linked to the planned application gateway and block connections from IP addresses in the 131.107.150.0/24 range:

To create a policy, you need to go to the Azure portal and select Create a resource. Search for WAF, select Web Application Firewall, then select Create1.

On the Create a WAF policy page, Basics tab, enter or select the following information and accept the defaults for the remaining settings:

Policy for: Regional WAF (Application Gateway)

Subscription: Select your subscription name

Resource group: Select your resource group

Policy name: Type a unique name for your WAF policy

On the Custom rules tab, select Add a rule to create a custom rule that blocks connections from IP addresses in the 131.107.150.0/24 range2. Enter or select the following information for the custom rule:

Rule name: Type a unique name for your custom rule

Priority: Type a number that indicates the order of evaluation for this rule

Rule type: Select Match rule

Match variable: Select RemoteAddr

Operator: Select IPMatch

Match values: Type 131.107.150.0/24

Action: Select Block

On the Review + create tab, review your settings and select Create to create your WAF policy1.

To link your policy to the planned application gateway, you need to go to the Application Gateway service in the Azure portal and select your application gateway3.

On the Web application firewall tab, select your WAF policy from the drop-down list and select Save

Box 1: No

Zone2.contoso.com is not linked to any virtual networks. Therefore, no VMs are able to resolve names in the zone.

Box 2: Yes

VM4 is in VNet3. Zone1.contoso.com has a link to VNet3 and auto-registration is enabled on the link.

Box3: No

VNet3 is linked to zone1.contoso.com and auto-registration is enabled on the link. A virtual network can only have one registration zone. You can link zone2.contoso.com to VNet3 but you won’t be able to enable auto-registration on the link.

NGS1 only

VM2, VM3, VM4 and VM5

There is no virtual network peering between VM4’s VNet (VNet3) and VM5’s VNet (VNet4). To enable the VMs to communicate over the Microsoft backbone network a VNet peering is required between VNet3 and VNet4.

No

subnet1(WM1->NSG1 outbound->NSG10 outbound)->subnet2(NSG1 inbound->NSG11 inbound->VM2)

Yes

NSG10 blocks ICMP from VNet4 (source 10.10.0.0/16) but it is not blocked from VM2ג€™s subnet (VNet1/Subnet2).

No

NSG11 blocks RDP (port TCP 3389) destined for ג€˜VirtualNetworkג€™. VirtualNetwork is a service tag and means the address space of the virtual network (VNet1) which in this case is 10.1.0.0/16. Therefore, RDP traffic from subnet2 to anywhere else in VNet1 is blocked.

Box 1: VM2, VM3 and VM4.

VM1 is in VNet1/Subnet1. VNet1 is peered with VNet2 and VNet3.

There are no NSGs blocking outbound ICMP from VNet1. There are no NSGs blocking inbound ICMP to VNet1/Subnet2, VNet2 or VNet3. Therefore, VM1 can ping VM2 in VNet1/Subnet2, VM3 in VNet2 and VM4 in VNet3.

Box 2:

VM4 is in VNet3. VNet3 is peered with VNet1 and VNet2. There are no NSGs blocking outbound ICMP from VNet3. There are no NSGs blocking inbound ICMP to VNet1/Subnet1, VNet1/Subnet2 or VNet2 from VNet3 (NSG10 blocks inbound ICMP from VNet4 but not from VNet3). Therefore, VM4 can ping VM1 in VNet1/Subnet1, VM2 in VNet1/Subnet2 and VM3 in VNet2.