H12-725_V4.0 Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Eth-Trunk (Ethernet Trunking)aggregates multiplephysical linksinto asingle logical interface, improvingbandwidth and redundancy.

Manual mode limitations:

Manual mode does NOT detect link faults or incorrect connections—it only detects link disconnections.

To detectlink faults,LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol) modeis required.

Why is D false?

Manual mode canonly detect link disconnectionsbutnot link faults or incorrect connections.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Eth-Trunk Configuration

Huawei USG6000 Firewalls Link Aggregation Guide

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Heartbeat linksbetween firewalls ensuresynchronization and failover.

Layer 2 or Layer 3 configuration depends on deployment needs, but there isno strict 30% bandwidth rulefor Eth-Trunk heartbeat links.

Why is this statement false?

The30% threshold condition is incorrect.

Eth-Trunk heartbeat links aretypically Layer 3 for better failover and routing control.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Firewall High Availability Deployment

Understanding the Differences Between HWTACACS and RADIUS:

HWTACACS(Huawei Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is aHuawei-enhanced version of TACACS+used forAAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting).

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service)is also an AAA protocol but is mainly designed fornetwork access authentication, such asVPNs and wireless authentication.

Why is Option B Correct?

HWTACACS supports per-command authorization, meaning administrators canassign different command privileges to different users.

For example, ajunior network engineer may be allowed to view configurations but not modify them, while asenior engineer has full access.

RADIUS does not support granular command authorization, as it primarily controlsnetwork accessrather than device management.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Huawei firewalls come with a built-in URL filtering database, which includes predefined categories such as:

Malicious websites

Phishing sites

Social media

Business services

The URL category database is periodically updated by Huawei, ensuring that new threats are detected automatically.

Why is this statement true?

Administrators do not need to manually load URL categories; they are delivered with the firewall and updated regularly.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → URL Filtering & Web Security

1️⃣Understanding the Scenario:

Enterprise A and Enterprise B communicate over the Internet through an IPsec tunnel.

Firewall A and Firewall B establish the tunnelto secure traffic between the enterprises.

The network includes aSource NAT device, meaning IP headers may be modified.

The goal is to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data transmission.

2️⃣Why ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)?

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload)provides:

Encryption (Confidentiality)→ Protects data from eavesdropping.

Integrity & Authentication→ Ensures data is not modified.

NAT Traversal Support→ Works through NAT devices, unlike AH (Authentication Header).

ESP is the preferred choice for VPN tunnels over the public Internet.

3️⃣Why Tunnel Mode?

Tunnel Mode encapsulates the entire original IP packet, including headers and payload,adding a new IP header.

Advantages of Tunnel Mode:

Protects both the data and the original IP addresses(important for communication over untrusted networks).

Used in site-to-site VPNswhere private network addresses need to be hidden.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN Fundamentals

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IPsec ESP vs. AH

RFC 4301 (Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol)→ ESP and Tunnel Mode Usage

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)allows traffic to be forwarded based on specific policies.

All options are correctsince Huawei PBR can match:

A→ Source IP address

B→ Source security zone

C→ Source MAC address

D→ Application

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Policy-Based Routing Configuration

What is IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)?

IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)is a mechanism used inIPsec VPNsto check if a remote VPN peer is still reachable.

It allows the firewall to detectlink failuresandautomatically tear down and re-establish IPsec tunnelswhen necessary.

Why is DPD required in this scenario?

The network uses an active/standby link setup:

IPsec Tunnel 1 (Active) → Uses Link 1 (GE0/0/1).

IPsec Tunnel 2 (Standby) → Uses Link 2 (GE0/0/2).

IfLink 1 fails, the firewall must detect the failure andtear down IPsec Tunnel 1before establishingIPsec Tunnel 2 over Link 2.

DPD detects unreachable peersand triggers a failover.

How does IKE DPD work?

DPD periodically sends probes (HELLO messages) to the remote VPN peer.

If no response is received within a timeout period, the firewall assumes the peer is down.

Thefirewall deletes the IPsec tunnel and switches to the backup link.

Why is the answer "dpd" (lowercase)?

The questionexplicitly asks for lowercase letters.

"dpd" (Dead Peer Detection) is the correct technical term in Huawei firewalls and networking standards.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN High Availability & DPD

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IKE Dead Peer Detection (DPD)

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IKEv1 Phase 1 (Main Mode) consists of six messages:

Messages 1 & 2 → Negotiate security proposals(encryption, authentication, and DH group).

Messages 3 & 4 → Exchange key-related information.

Messages 5 & 6 → Perform mutual authentication.

Why is B correct?

Messages 1 and 2 negotiate IKE proposalsbetween VPN peers.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IKEv1 Main Mode Negotiation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Quota control policiesregulateuser access and resource usagebased on bandwidth and time constraints.

All options are correctsince Huawei firewalls support:

A→ Restricting the daily online duration.

B→ Restricting the total monthly online traffic.

C→ Restricting the total daily online traffic.

D→ Restricting the total online duration per month.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → User Quota Control Policies

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Deploying multiple egress linksensures:

Redundancy→ If one link fails, another remains active.

Load balancing→ Traffic can be distributed across multiple links.

High availability→ Reduces downtime.

Why is this statement true?

Enterprise networksbenefit from multiple egress links.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Network Redundancy and High Availability

Understanding Policy-Based Routing (PBR) in this Scenario:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)is used toredirect and control traffic flowbased on policies instead of traditional routing.

Router1 is acting as a traffic diversion device, redirecting traffic through acleaning devicebefore sending it to the final destination (Zones).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ Policy-Based Routing (PBR) and Traffic Diversion

Huawei CloudCampus Traffic Optimization Guide→ Cleaning Device Integration with Routers

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ Traffic Redirection for Security Inspection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

IPsec VPN only supports IP unicast traffic.

Non-IP unicast packets (such as multicast and broadcast) are not natively supported.

To transmit multicast traffic over IPsec, GRE over IPsec is required.

Why is this statement true?

Standard IPsec VPN does not support non-IP unicast packets.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IPsec VPN Limitations