NSE6_FSW-7.2 Questions and Answers

When FortiGate exports configuration settings to a managed FortiSwitch stack with sampling mode set to "perimeter is true," the behavior is:

• B. FortiGate configures FortiSwitch to perform ingress sampling on all switch interfaces, except ICL and ISL interfaces.This setting ensures that all incoming traffic on normal operational ports is sampled for monitoring and analysis purposes, but it excludes the inter-chassis link (ICL) and inter-switch link (ISL) interfaces from sampling. These exclusions are typically made to prevent the duplication of sampled data and to reduce unnecessary load on the monitoring system, as these links often carry traffic already monitored at other points.

Options A and D are incorrect because they either generalize the sampling across all interfaces without exceptions or incorrectly specify egress sampling on management interfaces. Option C is also incorrect as FortiGate can modify existing sampling settings to fit the perimeter-based configuration requirement.

QSFP+ transceiver (A): The QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Plus) transceiver is designed to handle 40G data rates and can be used to split a 40G port into multiple 10G connections. This type of transceiver supports such configurations, making it suitable for high-density applications where multiple 10G connections are derived from a single 40G port, thereby maximizing the utilization of the port and the fiber infrastructure.

The configuration provided involves adjusting the physical (PHY) mode of the ports on a FortiSwitch, including disabling a port and reconfiguring another for a different speed. The conditions needed for this configuration to be successful include:

• FortiSwitch would need to be rebooted (B):
• The port full speed prior to the split was 100G QSFP+ (D):

References:For more specific guidelines on port configuration and PHY mode settings in FortiSwitch devices, refer to the hardware installation and configuration manuals available at:Fortinet Product Documentation

The STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) discarding state on port1 of Core-2, after Core-1 and Access-1 are managed and authorized by FortiGate-1, is likely due to the lack of an MCLAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group) configuration between Core-1 and Core-2. In typical network configurations involving STP and MCLAG, the absence of MCLAG can lead to STP blocking one of the redundant paths to prevent loops, which is a critical function of STP. Port1 on Core-2 being in a discarding state suggests that it has been identified as providing a redundant path that could potentially create a network loop, hence STP has placed this port in a blocking (discarding) state to maintain a loop-free topology.

References:

• For a deeper understanding of STP operations and MCLAG configurations in FortiGate managed environments, consult the Fortinet knowledge base:Fortinet Knowledge Base.

In a scenario where both port1 and port2 are configured with the same native VLAN and considering the functionalities of the loop guard and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP):

• STP triggered a loop and applied loop guard protection on port1 (Option B): STP is designed to prevent loop conditions in networks. If a loop is detected, STP can trigger mechanisms such as loop guard to disable the port where the loop was detected to prevent broadcast storms and maintain network stability.
• Port1 was shut down by loop guard protection (Option C): The loop guard feature specifically acts to disable ports where potential loops are detected if no Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) is received on a non-designated port, which is considered a unidirectional link failure. This automatic shutdown prevents the types of network issues that can arise from such loops.

Layer 2 flooding caused by Ethernet frames with all bytes in the destination MAC address set to FF refers to broadcast frames. Here’s why:

• Broadcast Ethernet Frame (A):
• Other Frame Types:

References:You can find more information about Ethernet frame types in networking textbooks or documentation that discusses network layer interaction:Network Theory Books

The use of the sniffer command on FortiSwitch CLI can be unreliable on port 23 for specific reasons related to the nature of traffic on the port:

D.The switch port might be used as a trunk member.When a switch port is configured as a trunk, it can carry traffic for multiple VLANs. If the sniffer is set up without specifying VLAN tags or a range of VLANs to capture, it may not accurately capture or display all the VLAN traffic due to the volume and variety of VLAN-tagged packets passing through the trunk port. This limitation makes using the sniffer on a trunk port unreliable for capturing specific VLAN traffic unless properly configured to handle tagged traffic.

References:

• For guidelines on how to properly use sniffer commands on trunk ports and configure VLAN filtering, consult the FortiSwitch CLI reference available through Fortinet support channels, including theFortinet Knowledge Base.

Active multicast receiver entries are aging on each IGMP query sent on the VLAN (A): When IGMP snooping querier is enabled on a VLAN, it functions to manage multicast traffic within the VLAN by keeping track of multicast group memberships. The IGMP querier sends queries to determine which ports require the multicast traffic. The multicast receiver entries, which are entries that indicate which devices have requested the multicast data, age or time out based on these IGMP queries. Each query refreshes active connections but ages out entries that no longer respond, helping to ensure that multicast traffic is only sent to ports with active receivers.

VLAN assignments on FortiSwitch ports must follow certain rules and guidelines to ensure network integrity and proper traffic segregation:

• Only Assign One Native VLAN on a Port (C):
• Assign Untagged VLANs Using FortiGate CLI (D):

References:For detailed instructions and best practices on VLAN configuration on FortiSwitch, refer to the FortiSwitch administration guide available on:Fortinet Product Documentation

Regarding the scenario where a FortiSwitch did not reboot after the authorization process while the other devices did, the most likely cause, given the configuration settings in the exhibit, is:

• The management mode was set to use FortiLink mode (Option B): If the FortiSwitch was already configured to use FortiLink for its management mode, it may not require a reboot to complete the authorization process as its management interface settings are already aligned with FortiLink requirements. This is unlike switches that might be transitioning from a standalone or another management mode, which would typically require a reboot to apply new management settings fully.

References:

• FortiLink mode specifically tailors FortiSwitch to be managed via a FortiGate device, integrating its operation into the wider security fabric without needing a reboot if it is already set to this mode before authorization. This contrasts with other management modes where transitioning to FortiLink could necessitate a system restart to initialize the new configuration.

Automatic MAC address quarantine is a security feature within the FortiGate/FortiSwitch integration. Here's how it works and why the answers are correct:

• The Role of FortiGate:FortiGate is the central decision point for quarantine actions. It identifies suspicious MAC addresses and communicates quarantine instructions to the FortiSwitch. The FortiSwitch doesn't make quarantine decisions on its own.
• Quarantine Mechanisms:While the decision is made on FortiGate, FortiSwitch supports two ways to enforce the quarantine:
• Configuration:Enabling MAC address quarantine involves configuring parameters on the FortiGate, notably via the CLI but also through the GUI depending on your FortiOS version.

Why the Other Options are Incorrect:

• A. FortiSwitch supports only by VLAN quarantine mode.This is incorrect. FortiSwitch can use both VLAN-based and port-based quarantine methods.
• C. FortiAnalyzer with a threat detection services license is required.FortiAnalyzer can provide deeper analysis and logging, but it's not mandatory for the core functionality of MAC address quarantine.

References:

• Fortinet Document Library - FortiSwitch Quarantines:https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiswitch/7.4.2/fortilink-guide/173282/quarantines
• Fortinet Document Library - Configuring Switch Controller Quarantine (CLI):https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.2.8/cli-reference/211620/config-switch-controller-quarantine